What Is Malware?
Malware — short for malicious software — is any program intentionally designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Common Types of Malware
- Virus — attaches itself to legitimate files and spreads when those files are executed.
- Worm — spreads automatically across networks without needing a host file.
- Trojan — disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it.
- Ransomware — encrypts files and demands payment for their release.
- Spyware — secretly monitors and collects user activity.
Signs of Infection
- Unusual slowdowns or crashes.
- Unexpected pop-ups or new toolbars.
- Programs launching or files changing without your action.
- Antivirus alerts or disabled security software.
This guide focuses on recognition and defense only. It does not include instructions for creating or deploying malware.
Defensive Best Practices
- Keep your operating system and applications updated.
- Use reputable antivirus or endpoint protection software.
- Avoid downloading software from untrusted sources.
- Back up important files regularly and store backups offline.
- Be cautious with email attachments and unsolicited download links.